Beowulfs Boasting

Beowulfs Boasting Beowulfs Boasting Beowulfs bragging isn't only to show how incredible he is yet rather to hold consistent with his promise and respect as a man. Beowulf doesn't flaunt for the purpose making himself look great. Marie Nelson from the University of Florida characterizes that there are two kinds of flaunting that can be found in this Anglo-Saxon story. The main type of gloating is present day bragging which comprise boasting and the second is a demonstration of promising. Nelson expresses that the primary kind of flaunting assists with setting up Beowulfs believability as a man who can be trusted to do what he says he will do, while type two flaunts demonstrate how much he concedes to finish on his guarantees (1). Old English Saxon flaunting varies from current bragging since present day time gloating centers around improving one look than another person. Old English Saxon bragging comprise making guarantees that are to be maintained in control to keep ones respect flawless. Present day bragging centers more around showing ones best ascribes for all to see. Gloating isn't just an approach to flaunt to other people. Beowulf utilizes gloating to demonstrate steadfastness to his master. He shows his regard for his ruler, Hygelac, by vowing to keep the respect of his compatriots secure. One thing that consistently concerns Beowulf is keeping his statement. He would like to keep his statement to Hygelac, and get back with his men after effectively crushing Grendel. In lines 199-201, Beowulf expresses his arrangements to help Hrothgar in his difficulties and annihilation Grendel. Beowulfs people group didn't [try] to shield him from obliging his arrangements. (Heaney, line 202) No one inquiries Beowulfs brag since he has substantiated himself before and his assertion is legitimate. The gloating is an approach to demonstrate how legitimate what one says to be valid. As indicated by Dr. Kelly Taylor from the University of North Texas, Boasts were paid attention to. Gloats were comprehended to be not kidding expressions with individual, social, lawful and political results. Beowulfs bragging speaks to a vow to his King and network that he should keep. Beowulf keeps his assertion all through the sonnet as he makes vows to crush Grendel, Grendels mother, and the mythical serpent. Present day gloating can be found in the sonnet too. In lines 480-490, there is a depiction of the Danes gloating about [waiting] for Grendel with their whetted blade. The Danes were gloating to show how fearless they would be when Grendel came to assault yet later the peruser discovers that a significant number of the flaunting men were killed by Grendel. Beowulf is a man of his statement. Lines 407-426 detail Beowulfs solicitation to Hrothgar, requesting that his authorization battle Grendel. Beowulf gloat to Hrothgar about his capacities and the quality of the mean of Geats. As Beowulf addresses Hrothgar, the peruser sees that he doesn't sound surrendered when addressing the ruler but instead humble. Anyway in lines 415-418, the peruser perceives bragging in the contemporary utilize the word. He talks about his qualities and how fit he is of battling Grendel. This sort of boasting causes bolster Beowulfs guarantee to Hrothgar. Beowulf is selling his abilities, just as the capacities of his men, to Hrothgar and his locale. While Beowulf is persuading Hrothgar to respect him the obligation of battling Grendel, he additionally makes reference to he might want to elevate Hygelacs popularity and delight his heart (line 435-436). On line 2145, Beowulf comes back from the undertakings and presents every one of his endowments to Hygelac as an indication of dedication. Beowulfs bragging is a structure respecting his lord just as keeping up his notoriety for being an incredible warrior. Beowulfs gloat console the individuals of Heorot that they will be sheltered. The gloating is an assurance supporter for them. At the point when the individuals of Heorot thought all expectation was lost, Beowulf shows up to raise their spirits. The Oxford English Dictionary characterizes bragging to intend to talk with satisfaction. Beowulf reestablishes pride to the individuals of Heorot with his bragging. This intense talking permits the individuals of Heorot to confide in Beowulf and have certainty that he can killed the mammoth they call Grendel. Beowulfs courageous bragging is the thing that makes him an incredible warrior, it permits him to substantiate himself and to show what he is prepared to do. In lines 630-639, Beowulf is addressing Wealhtheow about his aims for the fight with Grendel. Marie Nelson from the University of Florida expresses that Beowulfs guarantee gloat inside these lines characterizes that Beowulf takes his guarantees intense (Nelson 5). Beowulf states I will satisfy that reason [of slaughtering Grendel]or meet my demise here in the mead-corridor (line 636 and 638). The lines express that Grendel will attempt his best to satisfy his guarantee and if not he will meet his destiny because of Grendel and is happy to acknowledge them. Somewhat English Saxon bragging is tied in with ready to acknowledge destiny however utilizing all of ones capacities to keep a guarantee. Beowulf stays faithful to his obligation and thrashings Grendel. Another type of the gloating sort of bragging can be found in the sonnet when Grendels arm is set up for show for the nation men to see. Albeit current gloating can be seen all through the sonnet, guarantee flaunting was progressively significant to the Anglo-Saxon men as opposed to boasting (Nelson 5). Bragging is a structure flaunting just as a type of genuineness. The two kinds of bragging are appeared all through the sonnet. Beowulf will in general boast less and make more guarantees. At long last, he prevailing with regards to achieving the entirety of his guarantees and in this manner affirming his gloat. Works Cited Nelson, Marie. Beowulfs Boast Words. Diss. English Department, University of Florida. Florida: Springer, 2005. 23 Jan. 2010. Gloat. Oxford University Press. 2009. 23 Jan. 2010. Taylor, Kelly. Gloating. 2004. 23 Jan. 2010.

War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells Essays -- War Worlds H.G. Wells Essays

War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells Homo-Superior? War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells is a fiction story expounded on war and mankind’s transitioning. It is likewise a philosophical novel with numerous profound implications basic the shallow looking one-hundred-eighty-eight page book. The subject of this novel is Science Fiction and there are very few that can even contend with Wells as far as how predominant his assertion depictions are. He essentially does ponders with the creative mind of the peruser. Clearly the entire book is about the battle humankind faces, however it isn't generally with outsiders, they are in reality to a greater extent a decent method to speak to what Wells truly accepted. He accepted man is predominant, yet ought to recall how enormous the universe is and that the chance of life definitely more wise than our own is incredible. The storyteller, who is additionally the primary character tells War of the Worlds in first individual. He portrays everything from the man’s disavowal, to the attack, the fights, and the outcome. At the outset he talks about the chance of other living things existing. At the point when the outsiders attack they don't convey, simply arrange and obliterate all opposition and populace focuses. The creator travels along all of England escaping the intruders and continually being refreshed from different individuals about the news. The peak comes when he strolls into a town to discover all the outsiders dead from microscopic organisms, and the outcome is the point at which he discovers his better half. The film â€Å"Independence Day† is the most ideal approach to depict this story to somebody who has never perused the book. The two are strikingly comparative. In both the outsiders attack all of a sudden and wreck everything with their boss innovation. Individuals think about the outsiders before they show up early in every story, except do nothing due to refusal and open mania. The investigation and examination of outsiders are depicted in the two. There are contrasts however. There are no legends in the book, however in the film there are. Our innovation is pointless in the book and in the film it wins it for us. One might say the endings are the equivalent on the grounds that a PC infection is the thing that causes the aliens’ shields to go down in the film and organic infections slaughter the outsiders in the book. Still when I consider it, â€Å"Independence Day† is the most ideal approach to modernize the story. Pre World War One England is the setting for the story. It fits ... ... the ineptitude and mental fortitude of men. He worked admirably of doing both. This book is actually a great in light of the fact that such a significant number of individuals think about it and still read it today, and it is over a hundred years of age! It helps me to remember how the U.S is today. Sure we are the best country on earth, anyway we despite everything should be reminded that we don't control everybody. We ought to be increasingly unassuming and that is the way the creator felt also. All the time I see on the news how individuals revolt and grumble about stuff. Regardless of anything else they don’t do jack! They simply need to bitch about how the framework swindles them. There were characters in the book like this in the novel as well. The most huge thing to me in the entire book, and I’m sure it is to most perusers as well, is the way that germs executed the outsiders. Not some clear-cut advantage, or a legend, yet the consistently cold. This truly lowers man. At long last there is trust. The expectation that man at last comprehends that he isn't so incredible and how fortunate he can be. Expectation that we will gain from our slip-ups and acknowledge them so that if this happens once more, we will be prepared. So the one inquiry remains, and I surrender it over to you†¦are we Homo-Superior?

How technology has affected history Research Paper

How innovation has influenced history - Research Paper Example Lives have been spared, organizations develop, condition is dealt with and everything appears to advance with the assistant of innovation. Specifically, the ongoing discoveries in PCs and web have permitted individuals to interface with anyone whenever and anyplace in spite of the separation topographically. Obstructions have been overwhelmed by the innovation and individuals can appreciate the advantages. In spite of the advantages from innovation, a few defeats are seen by researchers and different experts since the beginning. Those may present danger to nature, human wellbeing, instruction, ethics and some more. There are numerous components engaged with those negative outcomes of utilizing innovation yet those are not indications of the apocalypse. They may flag the requirement for change, advancement and further examinations to make new answers for the prodding issues and difficulties for the improvement of the world towards supportability. As innovation has been noted in the fo rmer passages, reflecting upon the progressions as it goes through the history may give an unmistakable picture and comprehension to the perusers with respect to the significance and effect of innovation to human presence. History has been isolated into various periods and for the investigation, three times would be referenced and examined: Renaissance Era, Industrial Revolution Era, and Atomic Era. Every time would be given presentations and the advancements utilized for each. Thereafter, the points of interest and drawbacks of the innovation for every period would be broke down and looked into to other innovation from different times. Renaissance began since the hour of the High Middle Ages wherein different upgrades occurred as far as the economy, society, governmental issues and minds. Its underlying foundations originated from the Renaissance of the twelfth century which was viewed as the advancements to grow at the last piece of the Middle Ages. It turned into the road for the progression in expressions, writing and science albeit logical advancements happened at the last piece of Renaissance.1 Renaissance initially implies resurrection and it was a social development that traversed from the fourteenth century to seventeenth century and turned into a wide-scale development all through Europe. It had delivered the paper and type sped that permitted speedier dispersal of information yet at the same time a few countries in Europe had not encountered its blast similarly. As far as writing, it built up the Latin writing over the Western mainland and the notoriety was ascribed to Petrarch. Specifically, he had made direct point of view and other imaginative strategies together with the renewal of education.2 The advancements had offered path to the practices in the Modern Era, for example, the shows in governmental issues through tact and the significance of perception that turned into the essential apparatus for science. Renaissance had additionally taken int o account the advancements of the polymaths who were viewed as masters in different fields of information and capacities like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. They were referred to as Renaissance man as being such is ascribed to the name of the time. Different issues had been set down with the idea of the polymaths and even with the name Renaissance and its very existence.3 Some saw Renaissance as only a piece of the previous times with high regard for old style ages as culture and expressions prospered. Wistfulness

Where to Find Tips For Applying For the Bluest Eye Essay Contest

Where to Find Tips For Applying For the Bluest Eye Essay ContestThe initial round of essays for the Bluest Eye essay contest includes topic categories that focus on a variety of themes. These topics, such as 'Beyond the Dark,' 'Turning Thoughts to Action,' and 'This is the ideal situation for an individual who has already selected a topic to begin working on their essay. However, even if the individual chooses not to make the choices for a particular topic, the general theme is still available. For example, students are allowed to choose the topic of 'How Does Self-Love Compel the World to Be Better?' There are no guidelines for choosing a topic or applying for the online contest.For those who have decided on a topic, the next step is to create a list of essay topic ideas that could support the theme. Some students have already written up their ideas for essay topics, while others have not yet come up with anything. In either case, a list of essay topic ideas is needed.A detailed ess ay topic idea list is composed of five main categories. These include: Teacher's Preference, Exam Questions, Essay Topic Options, Students' Submission Guidelines, and Examiner's Submission Guidelines. Each of these sections provides different rules and guidelines for filling out a submission form.Once the five categories are put together, it is now time to look for free essay topic ideas that could support the theme. The internet is the place to look for a lot of resources that are related to the topic of the essay.Writing for your essay can be one of the most fun things you can do. It can be exciting because the subject matter is something you've already decided upon and it also provides the opportunity to express yourself creatively. With enough practice, the student will be able to come up with new and original ideas for essay topics and can enhance their skills in completing essay projects.There are several methods for writing an essay. However, through a combination of research and reading information, the student can greatly improve their essays by selecting and understanding the right essay topic for the essay that they have already selected.

Does Divorce Cause Low Self Esteem in Children - 1554 Words

Does Divorce Cause Low Self-Esteem in Children? According to statistics, half of all American children will witness the divorce (Finley amp; Schwartz, 2007). Of all children born to married parents this year, 50% will experience the divorce of their parents before they reach their 18th birthday. The parents’ divorce marks a turning point in a child’s life. Parents usually divorce when they feel they can no longer live together because of fighting and anger or their love for each other has changed. Sometimes it is due to serious problems such as drinking, spousal abuse, or gambling addiction. Parental divorce is a very stressful event for all children and many of them are not prepared for it. Consequently, divorce can have an important†¦show more content†¦Also discussed were divorced parents who found it difficult to adequately supervise their children, discipline them appropriately, and give them sufficient warmth and affection. The degree of closeness between adolescent and parent explained most of the variations in adolescent distress related to divorce. Since there is so much discussion on the effects of divorce on children, I want to begin by addressing whether there are any differences between children who live in divorced families and children who live in married two-parent or â€Å"intact† families. In 2007 Amato and Sobolewski examined the results of 92 studies involving 13,000 children ranging from preschool to young adulthood. The overall results of this analysis were that children from divorced families are, on average, somewhat worse off than children who have lived in intact families. These children have more difficulty in school, more behavior problems, more negative self-concepts, more problems with peers, and more trouble getting along with their parents. A newer study shows that this pattern is still continuing. The actual differences between the two groups are relatively small (Amato amp; Sobolewski, 2007). Research suggests that a child’s mental health is influenced by parental psychopathology and divorce (Ross amp; Wyne, 2010). It was found that children of depressed parents had more emotional disturbances and more affective disorders. Although depression has a genetic basis, when a parent isShow MoreRelatedThe rapid epidemic of divorce in the United States within the last 20 years has affected more than1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe rapid epidemic of divorce in the United States within the last 20 years has affected more than one half of the families in the United States. In the past, we have viewed divorce as a short term crisis and not as a longitudinal view of the effects divorce might bring. Divorce does affect children. However, it is not the divorce that is the problem; it is the ongoing conflict between the parents and the child’s coping mechanisms in their own stages of development. 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If you google ‘divorce’ what pops up is celebrities that have gone throughRead MoreMarriages are a big responsibility in many different reasons. For instance, if the marriage is1300 Words   |  6 PagesMarriages are a big responsibility in many different reasons. For instance, if the marriage is blessed with a child that is one big responsibility. They are responsible for nurturing, providing and protecting their children. Also they should be role models for their children. Another big responsibility is when they make a long-life commitment to be true to one another in good times and in bad. God can also be a part of the relationship. The participation involves the complete love, trust, and respect

The Myth Of The Latin Women I Just Met A Girl Named Maria

During the time I been taking English 105 we have talked about many essays. Many of the essays we read in this semester were interesting essays in the 50 essays book. Most of the essays were inspirational to students. Some of the essays were very helpful they help develop our writing skills and how to be more descriptive in our essays. For the student learning outcome the essays should be interesting for the student to feel involved when talking about the essays. Many of the essays in our book were relatable to many students, yet there was one essay that ,in my opinion, did not have to be in our syllabus. In the essay The Myth of the Latin Women: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria by Judith Ortiz. The essay I did not believe it had to be in our syllabus because it really did not have to do much with the student learning outcome was The Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson. In the essay of Judith Ortiz The Myth of the Latin Women: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria was an essay I believe many students were able to relate, understand, and reflect with the arguments she pointed out. Judith Ortiz seemed passionate in her essay because it was a narrative of a situation she went through. While reading Judith s essay it was easy to comprehend what she was trying to make her audience understand. Judith s tone throughout the essay was form, reflective, and informative. The imagery she gives us in her essay when talking to about Latin women made easy for students to imageShow MoreRelatedThe Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria868 Words   |  4 Pagessociety. â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† is a short essay in which the award winning poet and professor of English, Judith Ortiz Cofer, wishes to inform and persuade the audience that labels and stereotypes can be humiliating and hurtful. The author targets the gen eral public, anyone that doesn’t understand that putting someone in a box because of a stereotype is wrong. Cofer starts out the essay by telling the reader a story with a drunk man who re-enacted â€Å"Maria† from theRead Moremyth of Latin women757 Words   |  4 Pages Summary and Response to â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† In â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria,† Judith Ortiz Cofer illustrates several hardships she suffered due to the universal, misleading stereotypes propagated by the media. Cofer demonstrates various stereotypes that Latin women are subjected to, such as an experience in which she was regarded as a waitress at a California restaurant, and â€Å"the Hispanic woman as the ‘Hot Tamale’ or sexualRead MoreWhen We Judge Another We Define Our Self955 Words   |  4 Pagesand see what is inside instead of overlooking it, you might find it interesting after all. This quote by my family member can easily be tied to â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Women: I just met a Girl Named Maria† by Judith Ortiz Cofer, and â€Å"Just walk on By: Black Men and Public Spaces† by Brent Staples. Cofer, talks about how she was stereotyped for being a Latin woman in American culture. Then Staples, talks about how he was discriminated for being a tall, black man that worked as a journalist in a predominantlyRead MoreThe Myth Of The Latin Woman918 Words   |  4 Pagesthem. In Cofer’s essay â€Å" The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† and Staples â€Å"Just Walk on By: Black Men and Public Spaces†, they talk about what they have been through with racial stereotyping and what affects it has them, personally. But even with those stereotypes in play they both prove that stereotypes do not determines someone s future and people are able to prove stereotypes wrong. â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria†, by Cofer explains what sheRead MoreThe Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria820 Words   |  4 PagesThe essay â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† by Judith Ortiz Cofer is about deprivation that Latin women go through everyday due to stereotypes that society make up. Stereotypes play a big role in the way that individuals are identified by society. Cofer describes her personal experiences of being a Latin woman, and her struggles that she has to face because of the stereotypes. Cofer tells us of some incidences that happened throughout her life. Like going to London forRead MoreComparing Mairs And The Myth Of A Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria1328 Words   |  6 PagesWe tend to identify them based on their appearance, rather than who or how they are as people. We are often unaware of the impacts our labels have on these people. In the essay â€Å" O n being a cripple† by Nancy Mairs and â€Å" The Myth of a Latin woman : I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† by Judith Ortiz Cofer, the writers have successfully portrayed the feelings that arise in people’s mind based on the way they are identified. In both the essays, the writers tell us how they have been incorrectly labeled andRead MoreIn The United States, Not Only Are Latin Women Being Misunderstood,1508 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, not only are Latin women being misunderstood, but African American women are also stereotyped by other people. Latin women are discriminated in their dressing and service occupations, while African American Americans are stereotyped in sexually promiscuous, caregiving role, and â€Å"welfare queens.† Both of them are victims of racial stereotypes, which affect them negatively on their identities and characteristics. However, the differentiation of their cultures makes them beingRead MoreAll Men Are Created Equal 1313 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscriminate against women. In today’s society, the traditional roles, values, and thoughts placed upon women from prehistoric times still play a central part in the inequality women face every day. The day I no longer have to worry about what I’m wearing will label me as a â€Å"slut,† is the day that women will be thought of as more than just sexual objects. The day I can be praised for my brains instead of my beauty, it the day men and women will be considered equal. This is the future I hope to fosterRead MoreOvercoming Racism Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pageshis famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† Speech, Dr. Martin Luther King stated, â€Å"Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred† on regarding how to deal with racism in America. Having more class than your opponent and keeping ones dignity is still possible whe n pursuing equality, though it may not always be easy. Judith Ortiz Cofer tells in her essay, â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman†, whatRead MoreStaples and Cofer1308 Words   |  6 Pagesautomatically stick some sort of stereotype to them. Stereotypes are strongly displayed in the media; stereotype can be based of someone’s color, culture, religion, or sex. In Black men in public spaces by Brent Staples, and in The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria by Judith Ortiz Cofer, the authors talk about stereotypes based on their gender and ethnicity and the experiences they both encounter because of their ethnicity and gender which have many similarities and differences. Stereotypes

Occupational Therapy Rehabilitation Programs

Question: Describe about the Occupational Therapy for Rehabilitation Programs. Answer: Introduction Rehabilitation programs are crucial for resuming the active lifestyle and recover soon from the injury or illness, that involves disability. The rehabilitation and recovery programs generally targets enhancement of patients willingness for recovery and support for easy and faster recovery process from the chronic illness. However, setting up goals is one of the preliminary steps, which determines the efficiency and time for recovery process. There are several injuries or illness, which needs assistance and support for faster recovery; for instance total knee replacement, total hip replacement, bone fracture and other major injuries (Abraham Michie, 2008). Several barriers can hinder the proper procedure of rehabilitation technique, whereas there are some factors or strategies that can influence the rehabilitation and recovery procedure. To set the goals and priorities for rehabilitation and recovery process, health models or theories are used by the health care professionals, for en suring the patients needs has been prioritized during the health care planning. In this context, the health care professional should assess the patients needs thoroughly before planning the rehabilitation sessions. Support is one of the crucial aspects in the recovery and rehabilitation processes. It is because, empowerment of a disabled patient helps in stimulating them for faster recovery. Here in this assignment, the focus is the patient, Mr. X, who has knee replacement and facing difficulties in coping with his status and disabilities. Thus, based on his status and needs, his rehabilitation sessions would be planned. Here, in this assignment, the factors that were hindering the patients engagement in the recovery and rehabilitation will be discussed with the help of recovery related theories (Bertisch et al., 2014). On the other hand, the strategies that would help the patients engagement and their recovery would be included in this assignment. Finally, the barriers, facilitators and the recommended strategies would be summarized to provide a brief overview. Identity of the client During my job period at a rehabilitation centre, I met one client Mr. X, who was facing difficulties in engaging with rehabilitation and recovery from severe illness. The client Mr. X is a 55 years old male, who have severe arthritis and suffering from severe pain at his left knee and mobility impairment. The medical professional recommended total knee replacement or arthroplasty of his left knee. After a successful surgery, the recovery period was quite difficult for Mr. X, as it was very difficult for him to stay at bed as a disable person. He was a cheerful and active person before is surgery. Now, his condition was not feasible to support his previous active role. Thus, he is becoming anxious and depressed due to his disability. The impaired mobility of Mr. X was making him demotivated hindering his social involvement. The patient needs appropriate rehabilitation and recovery strategies for his faster and easy recovery. Mr. X was having negative pain perception and poor perceived self-efficacy as well as pessimistic personality traits, which were significantly hindering his efficient engagement with the rehabilitation and recovery process (Bright et al., 2014). He was a negative perception that movements can cause additional pain except the surgical pain, which along with the persistent postoperative pain symptoms were the cause behind his poor quality of rehabilitation. All of these consequences were leading to his decreased activity after rehabilitation and reduced social involvement along with increased psychological issues. Psychological consequences of the illness Orthopedic surgery usually needs many months of rehabilitation for getting a successful outcome; however, there are several psychological factors that can influence pain perceptions of the patient, compliance with the rehabilitation and the outcomes from the patient treatment after orthopedic surgeries like a total knee replacement surgery. Total knee replacement is a complicated illness, which involve the replacement of knee with an artificial knee joining. The complicated surgery needs a long-term recovery and during this period, severe pain and disability usually stimulates the onset of negative psychological issues in the patients. Patients need proper care and support for better adherence with the recovery and rehabilitation processes after a total knee replacement surgery (Bright et al., 2011). It has been revealed from several literatures that the mobility impairment and loss of autonomy or independence causes isolation and behavioral changes in the patient. It has been seen t hat most of the patients shows non-adherence with the rehabilitation processes, due to depression and anxiety related symptoms. It has been argued that there is a strong relationship between psychological symptoms and pain and disability, this prevalence of psychological symptoms are high in the pre and postoperative stages in the patients, who have undergone knee and hip replacement. It has been revealed from the previous literatures that the depressive symptoms in knee and hip replacement are higher, i.e. 33.6 % in one study, compared to coronary heart diseases, cancer or diabetes (Bright et al., 2011). However, age is a key determinant of the psychological consequences of the knee replacement surgery. However, reviewing previous literatures, it has also been found that throughout the recovery period, the psychological symptoms are reduced gradually, with the decrease in pain and disability. It has been revealed that 12 months postoperative no further reduction in the depressive symptoms were found compared to 3 months postoperative. Studies have shown that treating patients with psychotherapy before the surgery can lead to better results after the total knee replacement surgery. However, studies have also shown that proper management and emotional support had led to better results with the patients having depressive or anxious behavior. However, it has been see n in many previous cases that the support of physiotherapist and other medical professionals reduced the time for recovery along with the symptoms of psychological consequences. Barriers in engaging the client in rehabilitation Lack of support is one of the major barriers in engaging clients in rehabilitation. In case o Mr. X, it has been noticed that he was not adhered to the treatment procedure, which was one of the key reason behind his extended recovery time. On the other hand, the willingness of the patient is another key barrier for the patients recovery, because, until the patient is not adhering with the rehabilitation process, the success of the process would be doubtful. Moreover, the education and awareness of the patient is very important in this context (Ellis-Hill, Paynem Ward, 2008). Until the patient becomes aware of his status and the importance of his compliance with the rehabilitation process, the patients adherence with the treatment procedure would not be assured. In case of Mr. X, it has been noticed that he was aware of his current condition, but he was not aware of the pros and cons of the rehabilitation process and the importance of his compliance with the rehabilitation process. O nce he will be aware about the facts, his adherence with the rehabilitation and recovery process will be enhanced. The unclear perception of the patient about the pros and cons of the recovery process is a key barrier. Negative perception, psychological issues and stress are the factors that can delay the recovery process by stimulating the negative perception about the disorder. In the case of Mr. X, he was not willing to take his medicines an d physiotherapies, due to severe pain and showed depression and anxiety. The behavioral changes affected his communication with the medical professionals and physiotherapist, which further worsened his recovery process. Lack of support from the medical professionals and the family, relatives and dear ones are also the major factor that acts as a barrier of engagement of the patient with the rehabilitation process. In this context, it has been revealed that the support from the patients family is lost, due to the independence of the patient. In the case of Mr. X, he was lacking the support from family and friends, which is the major reason behind his depression. One current study by Gollwitzer (1999) highlighted that the patients who got support from their family and friends, recover easily and faster, compared to the patients who do not get family support. Moreover, the lack of family and peer support is a major cause behind the negative emotions, which leads to the psychological problems, further reducing the patients recovery rate. Low progress takes more time to recover and longer recovery time reduces patients compliance and adherence with the treatment and rehabilitation process. As it takes more time to recover from the disabled state, loss of independence for longer period makes the patient anxious, agitated and irritated. This Happened to Mr. X, as he was facing difficulties in engagin g with the rehabilitation and recovery process after his total knee replacement surgery. Lack of competency in the medical professionals attending the patient in recovery or rehabilitation is another factor that can be a barrier of faster and easy recovery of a patient undergoing total hip and knee replacement. In case of Mr. X, lack of the development of professional relationship with the health care professional was the key cause of his reduced compliance with the rehabilitation process and delay in progress of the recovery process (Hall et al., 2010). Mr. was unable to maintain a good communication with the medical professionals, due to the lack of positive communication skills of the nurse or other medical professionals attending him. In this context, he was attending the rehabilitation process with low adherence and reported lack of motivation and support from the care providers including physiotherapist and other health care practitioners. Lack of patients assessment before setting the goals can lead to negative consequences or can lead to the unavailability of the patients support from the other health care professionals. These factors are responsible for patients non-adherence with the rehabilitation process and delayed recovery process. Moreover, lack of assessment of patients priorities also hinders the patients efficient recovery, because, the patients actual needs are not addressed during the rehabilitation procedure, leading to unrealistic goal settings, which does not provide expected outcomes. Thus, goal setting is a very important factor that can influence the patient engagement and lack of which can hinder the rehabilitation and recovery process. Pain perception is another factor that can hinder a patients recovery and rehabilitation compliance. It is because, orthopedic patient usually have a perception that movement of the limb or the surgical area will put additional strain on their body, causing massive pain additional to the surgical pain. Unchanged perception leads to their decreased mobility, which is beyond the expectation in a rehabilitation process. This leads to stiffness of joints or other surgical area and persistence of the pain in the joints or other surgical areas, which hinders patients compliance with the rehabilitation and follow-up sessions. However, while concerned about the return of the patient to work after the orthopedic surgery and rehabilitation process, not only the physical and emotional status of the patient and support from his family and medical professionals are important, rather, support from the organization, other employees and other support groups are also have significant role. Harding an dWilliams (1995) identified lack of information access, lack of support group, lack of understanding and collaboration from the employer were the most important barrier for a patient to return to his work. Thus, it can be said that persona, clinical, occupational and health service factors are also important for the patient to return to his work. Factors influencing engagement in rehabilitation After orthopedic surgery including total joint replacement, i.e. total knee replacement or total hip replacement surgery, the total recovery and getting back to normal life before surgery, is a time consuming process. The recovery can be influenced and progress can be faster by the help of some facilitators of rehabilitation. One factor identified that has an important role in facilitating patients engagement in the rehabilitation process is knowledge about ones limit and motivating the patient for physical training and movement of the surgical body parts. Patient-centered approach- A patient centered approach in the rehabilitation sessions can influence the patients engagement in the recovery and rehabilitation process. It is because, the patient-centered approach tend to prioritize the patients needs from every aspects, including the physical, psychological, social and emotional. Patients well being is dependent upon all of these aspects and it contributes to patients overall recovery and gaining the normal life back (Harding Williams, 1995). Emotional support with respect and dignity- The most important factor-facilitating patients recovery and well-being is emotional support. In case of Mr. X, he was lacking an emotional support. Showing respect and dignity towards the patient, without any kind of biasness is the key of engaging and empowering the patient in his work. While handling patients like Mr. X, the practitioner should show respect towards the patient and prioritize patients feelings and perceptions. It enhances patients positive perception about the therapeutic procedure and engage patient with the rehabilitation procedure (Harris, 2006). Goal setting based on patients needs- Goal setting is the basic step in the rehabilitation and recovery process after an orthopedic surgery. Goal setting determines the probability of getting expected outcomes through the rehabilitation process. In this context, assessment of the patients needs is very important. Assessing the physical and psychological status of the patient helps the health professional to understand the actual needs of the patient, based on which the therapeutic goals of rehabilitation are established. It enhances the possibility of getting success easier and faster. In contrast, setting unrealistic goals, without assessing the patients needs reduces the chance of getting success from the rehabilitation process (Kayes McPherson, 2012). Therapeutic alliance- Therapeutic alliance is referred to the relationship between the patient and health care professional. It is a very important facilitator of engaging patient in rehabilitation process after orthopedic surgery, through which Mr. X has undergone. Several literatures identified therapeutic alliance as an important determinant of patient engagement and positive health outcomes following rehabilitation. For this, the health care practitioners should have required skills and competence including good communication and coordination with the patient. Providing value to the patients view during the therapeutic work can help to enhance patients trust towards the therapist, which in turn can establish a positive relationship within the patient and the health care practitioner (Kayes et al., 2015). Family support and engaging patients family in rehabilitation- Mr. X did not received enough family support, which is one of the significant determinants of the positive health outcomes following rehabilitation. Thus, in person-centered care, engaging patients family in the procedure is helpful. Involving patients family provides a homely environment to the patient, which eliminates the discrimination of the patient as a disabled person, thereby encouraging his engagement through the procedure. Psychotherapy and counseling- Literatures has suggested that there is a significant connection between poor recovery and related outcomes with stress and depression related symptoms. Thus, different literatures suggested that the psychotherapy and counseling during the rehabilitation is helpful for reducing this psychological hindrance of patients engagement in the rehabilitation process. Enhancing self-esteem and self-management- Self-management is the key concept in the rehabilitation process. As in knee replacement surgery, patient temporarily looses independence; it also reduces patients self-esteem. Thus, the therapists should support the patient to be encouraged and be independent. For this, self-management skills should be taught (Levack, Kayes Fadyl, 2010). Educational health promotion- Patient must understand the importance of rehabilitation process in his life and its effect upon his working and independent life. In case of Mr. X, due to lack of proper knowledge, the negative pain perceptions were enhancing, reducing his compliance with the rehabilitation process. Social support- Social support is another important factor that can facilitate patients engagement in rehabilitation. Social support can help to reduce patients isolation and can enhance self-esteem, thereby enhancing compliance with the therapeutic process. While considering patients return to work after rehabilitation process, there are some other factors influencing their continuous recovery and adoption in the workplace. The most important factor is the occupational factors. Supporting the patients engagement with the recovery process, the employers and other employees should consider the patients condition and should help him to cope with the situation. It has been seen that, a patient returning to the workplace after a surgery, often treated as disabled person and sympathized, which hinders the patients emotional well being, because, an active person is being considered as a disabled or physically challenged person and discriminated from peers in the workplace (McPherson, Kayes Kersten, 2014). This discrimination can lead to depressive symptoms, affecting his behavior. The patient becomes anxious and agitated, hindering his continuous recovery and returning to normal lifestyle. Theory supporting rehabilitation To enhance Mr. Xs engagement with the rehabilitation process, theoretical models can be used for better understanding and strategy implementation. One renowned theory can be used here, the health belief model. The health belief model emphasizes on the perception of a person about the effect of health issues upon their lives and help to plan actions for helping patients engagement in health promoting activities. This model helps to predict and explain health behaviors, by focusing on the attitudes and perception of individual. Figure: Health belief model (Source: Mudge, Stretton Kayes, 2013) According to the health belief model, patients tend to compliance with the therapeutic procedure to prevent, screen for or control ill health, once they believe that they are susceptible to such a condition, that can have a serious negative impact upon their lives and a course of therapeutic action might be beneficial in reducing susceptibility or severity of the ill condition. Moreover, the patient should believe that the benefits of the action would outweigh the barriers. In case of Mr. Xs case, the health belief model is suitable because, it emphasizes on patients perception for negative consequences of not engaging with the therapeutic actions. However, for aligning the case with the health belief model, health promotion education is very important, which will make Mr. X aware of the pros and cons of the rehabilitation and its important in returning back to his normal life. In this context, his perception about pain and severity of his condition can be modified by his therapists support. In addition, the health education can modify his perceived benefits from rehabilitation and barriers of his engagement, which will be reduced by him once he is aware about all the facts (Mudge, Kayes McPherson, 2015). From his perceived severity, threats related to non-compliance with the rehabilitation would be understood by Mr. X, which will encourage him to stay engaged with the rehabilitation process and adhere to the therapeutic actions. Engagement of Mr. X with a positive health behavior will stimulate his recovery, which in turn help him to get back his normal life in short period and return to his job. The health care professional has to change the perception of Mr. X that rehabilitation and embedded physical exercise sessions would enhance his pain, rather than giving him relief. Here, the therapist is solely accountable for encouraging Mr. to be aware of the fact that rehabilitation is the best way to get back to his normal active life, without any hindrance. In addition to the health belief model, self-regulation theory can be used here, to enhance Mr. Xs engagement in the rehabilitation and recovery process. This theory can help people who are experiencing sickness behavior. The sickness behavior is one kind of behavior that arises during ill health condition, like Mr. Xs depression, anxiety and other related symptoms. According to this theory, a conscious personal management involves the process of guiding feelings, perceptions and behaviors to reach personal goals. There are four components of self-regulation, standards of desirable behavior, motivation to meet standards, monitoring of situations and thoughts that precede breaking said standards and willpower (Nieuwenhuijsen et al., 2006). The self-regulation model and its component can be used by the health care professional to motivate Mr. X towards rehabilitation engagement and enhancing his self-esteem and self-management skills to stimulate the rehabilitation process and returnin g to work. Recommended strategies for practice Cognitive behavioral approaches- the cognitive behavioral approach include psychotherapy and behavioral therapies, which are helpful for Mr. X to be motivated and being engaged with the rehabilitation process. Here, the therapist should show dignity and respect to modify his perception about the rehabilitation process. In addition, these behavioral therapies will help Mr. X to control his psychological issues, which are hindering the patient engagement. Motivational interviewing and therapeutic alliance- Motivating interview of Mr. X by his therapist and the employer can help him to be engaged in the rehabilitation process and cope with his working life after returning to his work. Motivational interviewing can help him to understand the importance of his rehabilitation process in his recovery and returning to his work. However, the interviewer should show respect and dignity towards Mr. X for providing value to his words and make a trustworthy relationship (Petrie, Jago Devcich, 2007). Facilitating physical activity- Physical activity is one of best strategy to improve patients engagement and recovery process. Physical activity helps to enhance patients self-dependence, which is the key reason behind Mr. Xs depression and changed behavior. However, the physiotherapist should make him aware about the correct physical activity and the limit, which will give him relief, rather than increasing pain. Health promotion- Health promotion is a key strategy that helps in enhancing patients awareness about the condition and recommended actions. Mr. Xs professionals were unable to promote his health outcomes due to failure in establishing a good relationship with him and due to lack of competence in making him aware of the benefits of the process. Thus, health promotion will help Mr. X to understand the importance of the compliance with the rehabilitation and change is perceived benefits and threats, thereby motivating his engagement (Siegert, McPherson Taylor, 2004). Summary This assignment highlighted the case of Mr. X, who was suffering from severe pain and psychological issues after his total knee replacement surgery. The assignment highlighted some barriers including lack of motivation, lack of family support, lack of educational knowledge about the importance of rehabilitation and lack of therapeutic alliance, which hindered his engagement with the therapeutic processes and recovery. 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